Art of and machinery for making paper tubes



Art of, nd Mach No. 229,296.

5- Sheets-Sheet 1.

M 0. U G. in ry, 0 1*, fiaking Paper Tubes.

Patented june 29,1880.

.L/V' VENTO R By his .dt/orneys I F u 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M00; YOUNG.

Arti'of, and Machinery for, MakingjPaper Tubes.

No. 229,296. Patented lime 29, 1880.

'rf TJvEss s i IJVVL 'JV'TOR V V I Clinck; Zea}. ZZ, By Attorney- '1.

I NFETERSHPHOTO-LITNOGRAPNER, WBHINFTDN. D. c.

5 "Shape- Sheet 3. v .McG.YOUNG. I 'Art of, and Machinery for, Making :Paper Tubes.

N 229, 9 PatedJune 29-, 1880. j

a u n 1r WITNESSES [.N' V'EJV' TOR By' his .ltforneys' 5 Sheets-Sheen; 4.

} M00. YOUNG. Art-012* and Machinery foryM'a'kin'g Paper Tubes Patented June 29,1880.

[N VEJVTO WITNESSES By his .Htfornm .s-

N- PETEEIS. PHOTO-LITHDGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D. C.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5. M 00. YOUNG.

Art of, and Machinery for Making Pape rT-ubes, No. 229,296. Patented June 2 9, I880.

Clmfoc/, 10 H By has flttorneys UNITED STATES PATENT Orrrcn.

MoOLlNTOOK YOUNG, or FREDERICK, MARYLAND.

ART OF AND MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER TUBES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 229,296, dated June 29, 1880,

Application filed September 10, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MGGLINTOOK YOUNG, of Frederick, in the county of Frederick and State of Maryland, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Manufacturing Tubes, Boxes, Bags, &c., of Paper and other Material, and in apparatus therefor, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention mainly is to dispense with a liquid or semi-liquid cementing substance in the automatic formation of tubes, bags, and boxes of paper, 8m, and, while rendering unnecessary the employment of pasteapplying mechanism with or as part of the machinery, toinsure the proper contact and adhesion of the cemented seams, paste-attached joints, &c., of the articles being made.

Further, my object is to manufacture a double, closely jointed, and longitudinally seamed tube from two strips or webs of paper, which are respectively formed into the inner portion or lining and the outer portion or casing of the tube and securely united with each other at their contiguous surfaces by the connected and repeated operations of automatically-actin g mechanism, which completes the tube, step by step, in short lengths, at regular intervals.

Heretofore, in the automatic formation of bags, boxes, tubular blanks, &c., it has been customary to provide paste-reservoirs and cooperating devices with or upon the machinery, so as to suitably apply the liquid cementing substance to the strips just previous to tubing, and to the bag-bottoms, lapping and pasted parts of boxes, 860., on the way to be cemented together. "In such machinery, however, there is constant danger of applying the paste im properly, so as to cause injurious adhesion of parts and clog the machinery. Moreover, the pasting mechanism itself is more or less liable to derangement. To overcome these objections Iprovide previously gum med or cemented strips of material with the cement partially set or sufficiently dry to avoid clogging of the mechanism and injurious adhesive contact of the material, and cause these strips or parts of the material of which they are composed to adhere at the proper stage of the operation by the application of heat or moisture, or both.

My improvements in the art are hereinafter specifically designated by the claims. I am aware that prior to my improvements double tubes have been made both of paper alone and of a paper strip and a cloth or linen strip, or of combined paper and cloth, and so far as relates to the apparatus this invention is therefore confined to certain. improvements applicable to the manufacture of double tubes wholly or in part only of paper, my improvements consisting in a novel organization of mechanism, and in combinations of devices which are hereinafter first described, and then specifically designated by the claims.

In the accompanying drawings 1 have shown all my improvements as embodied, in the best way now known to me, in a single machine, which in part somewhat resembles that shown and described in Letters Patent of the United States No. 196,853, granted me November 6, 1877. Obviously, however, some of the parts may be used without the others, and in machines differing somewhat from the one represented and hereinafter specifically described, and the details of construction of portions of the mechanism for carrying out my improvements may be varied in some respects without departing from the spirit of my invention, some of which variations would be readily suggested to skillful mechanics or those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains simply by reading this specification and examining the drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is a plan or top view of a portion of-the machine, representing the tube-finishin g part and delivery end thereof, the drivingshai't, and its connections Fig. 2, a side elevation of the same parts. Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of that portion of the machine mostly omitted from the preceding figures, representing the paper-supplyin g and preparatory forming and folding part of the machine; Fig. 4, a side elevation of the same parts. Fig. 5 is a plan or top view of the formers or folders, the tube-finishing formers or supporters, and feeder-clamps, with their actuating mechanism omitted, and the mandrel about which the completed tube is clamped and along which it traverses; Fig. 6, a side elevation of the same parts. Fig. 7 is an end view or front elevation of the primary formers or folders to which the sheets first pass from the supplyrolls. Fig. Sis a vertical section on the line 8 S of Fig. 2; Fig. 9, a similar section on the line 9 9 of Fig. 2; Fig. 10,a similar section on the line 10 of Fig. 2. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a portion of the rear end and back part of the machine, partly in section on the line 11 11 of Fig. 1, showing the driving-shaft, its cams, and the parts actuated thereby. Fig. 12 is a view of a portion of the machine, showing the tube upon the mandrel and representing, in section, a tube or channel for conveying steam to moisten the paste upon the paper; and Fig. 13 is a section on the line 13 13 of Fig. 12, these last two figures illustrating a modification of my invention.

The mechanism is mounted upon a strong bed or base-plate, shown as composed of a long narrow part, A, and a widened end part, A. That end of the machine supported above the front end of the narrow part A, or most remote from the laterally-extended part of the base, will be called the supply end, and the opposite end, or that at the widened part A of the base, will be termed the delivery end, for convenience of description.

A driving-shaft,B, is mounted at the delivery end of the machine in bearings in uprights B B and serves to impart motion to a series of cams, which, through their connections, op-

Y crate a reciprocating mandrel and actuate all of the tube-forming devices, as will hereinafter be explained.

Rollers O O, each mounted at one end in its hearings in an upright, 0 at the supply end of the machine, have webs or strips of paper or of paper and linen, 820., wound upon them. The paper is'led from the rollers to the.-

tubing devices over guide-rollers D D, which are mounted upon shafts, each supported at one end in the upright 0 in which the overhanging shafts of the paper-carrying rollers are mounted. Tension-springs are provided for bearing upon the rolls of paper, to prevent too free unwinding, as usual.

Each of the webs or strips d d, in this instance wholly of paper, is prepared before winding it into rolls by coating one of its sides or entire surfaces with suitable glue or other cementing substance. Ordinary hoof-glue will answer well for this coating. The paper be ing thus prepared in long strips and in large quantities, is prevented from becoming too hard or dry by keeping it in a properly moist or warm condition, as by storing it in a damp place. WVhen in proper condition it is rolled. The paper will keep in good condition in a cellar.

If the glue is allowed to harden or completely set, it is liable to crack, and the paper will consequently break, crease, or pucker unless suit-ably treated before using it.

By preparing the paper in this manner and ,manipulating it as will hereinafter be explained, I render unnecessary the use of pastdevices as a part of the machine and avoid "source of considerable annoyance, for in op- I erating tubing and similar machines with paste-applying devices as ordinarily constructed there is danger of clogging and great liability of derangement of the pasting mechanism, which is at best uncertain in operation, requiring close inspection and occasional interruption of the working of machines.

The previously-applied coating of glue is heated or moistened to soften it during the final steps in the formation of the tube and cause the strips to adhere to each other, as hereinafter described.

In this way not only is the mechanism rendered more compact and less complicated than it would he were there employed pasting devices or water-reservoirs, &e., for wetting previously-a1: plied paste during the preliminary steps of tubing, but all liability to gum the machinery, improperly unite the material, 850., is avoided.

The strips d d are wound, as shown, into rolls, with their glued surfaces inward, so that as drawn upward or from the under sides when placed on the rollers G O the pasted surfaces will be uppermost, to leave a clean or un pasted inside and outside'to the tube when completed, as will hereinafter be fully explained.

The tube is formed about a longitudinallyreciprocating intermittently operating mandrel or final former, E, made of a round hollow bar or tube, supported so as to slide freely endwise to the desired extent in bearln gs e and 6 near its opposite ends. The front hearing, 0, is formed in an overhanging or inwardly-projecting arm, 6 of an upright, E, near the supply end of the machine, and the rear bearing, 0, is formed in a standard, E near the main or driving shaft B.

The strips cl (1 of paper, as they are drawn to the mandrel, are acted upon by their respective primary formers or folders F F, which arch or curve and partially fold them preparatory to the completion of the double tube about the mandrel E. The strip (1 forms the inner portion or lining of the double tube, and the strip d the outer portion, cover, or casing thereof. The primary former F depresses the edges of the strip 61 and bulges out its central part, the strip being thus transversely curved or arched upwardly to conform to the shape of the former. The inwardly-projecting longitudinal lips or flanges ff, turned up at the edges of the former, act upon the strips edges and hold them in place, while the under surface or unpasted side of the strip bears upon the transverselycurved body or main part of the former extending between its edge lips. At the front or receiving end of the former it is of the full width or slightly more than the width of the strip and is plane-surfaced; or it may be curved slightly downward at its central or body portion between its lips, so as to receive the strip in its flattened form. The former is then gradually curved or bulged upward in an arch form between its lips, and is also gradually narrowed from front to rear to give the preparatory arched shape to the strip on the way to the mandrel E. The lips ff are most prominent at the front or receiving end of the former, being flared, as shown, to facilitate the adjustment of the strip in starting and prevent undue strain and friction on the paper. The top former, F, slightly declines toward its rear end;

The bottom former, F, for the outer or easing strip, cl, taken from the under roller, 0, is similar to the top former, F, in all essential respects, except that it is slightly wider than the top former and terminates beyond or extends a short distance fart-her toward the delivery end of the machine than the top former does, while the top former extends at front a short distance beyond the front end of the lower former, or in advance of it, and nearer the paper-supplying rollers, and the bottom former is transversely curved or arched downwardly from its upturned edges or flanges f f, instead of being arched upwardly, as the top former. The two strips, as drawn along, are thus caused to approach each other at their edges and spread apart gradually. The width of the lower strip is sufficiently greater than that of the upper strip to enable the easing to envelop and completely cover the lining when the opposite edges of the respective strips are brought close together or abutted to form the tube.

The former F is supported at front upon a centrally-open frame or bracket, G, and a similar bracket, G, supports the former F at its front end. The strip cl passes through the bracket G, or between its sides or uprights, beneath the former F, on its Way to the former F, which inclines slightly from front to rear. The formers thus converging from front to rear terminate near the mandrel, the one, F, above and extending partially around the vtop surface of the mandrel. but not touching it, and the other, F, below, at a little from and also partially around the mandrel. Each former, at its rear end, about half-way surrounds the mandrel. The formers are supported at their front ends only upon the brackets G G, which are mounted upon the frame-bed in any suitable way. In this instance the brackets are bolted to a block or table, G upon which the standard E for the front bearing of the mandrel is also mounted.

After passing beyond the rear ends of the formers F F the strips are formed into a double tube about the mandrel E, with the top strip inside and the pasted surfaces of the strips together, and the tube is fed along by mechanism, soon to be described, operated from cams H H H on the main or driving shaft B. These cams are fast on the drivingshaft B and revolve with it when the machine is set in motion, the shaft being driven by hand or by any suitable power, as desired.

Vibrating frames I I I are actuated by the cams, with which they are connected by rods or pitmen h h h These frames serve to operate a series of reciprocating intermittentlyacting finishing-fbrmers and tube-supporters, J J J, which act also as feeders in connection with the reciprocating mandrel, around or partially around which they are curved outside of the tube, so as to inclose the'tube betapered in both directions from a point near about midway its length and atits under side, and terminates at its ends in rounded points. In this way the formerJ is made to surround, or nearly surround, the tube for a slight distance at j, and the bearingsurt'ace is then gradually diminished to the ends j j which bear upon the top of the tube. The rear former, J, is of a semicircular or halftube shape for the greater portion of its length, and acts upon the under side or lowermost half of the paper tube. At its front end this former is cut away at its edges or tapered to a rounded point, i, beneath the correspondingly-shaped rear end, j of the front former. The remaining finishing-former, J acts upon the top of the tube and upon that part of it acted upon at bottom by the former J. This former J is of semicircular or half-tube shape, except at its front end, i, where it is notched or forked to accommodate the rear end of the former J. The three formers J J J it will be seen, are caused by their united action to bear on every part of the exterior of the tube, and thus insure a proper shape and complete finish of the tube as it isfed between them and the mandrel.

The vibrating frames I I I through or by way of which the endwise reciprocations are imparted to the formers JJ J and to the mandrel E, are all alike. Each frame is pivoted by a rod, is, in a supplementary frame ormetallic bracket, K, supported at the side of the mandrel on a table or block, K, fastened to the frame-bed A. The pivot-rods pass through bearings in lugs in the under side of the bracket at each side. The pivots pass through the upper parts, 1, of double cranks or crosslugs l l on the frames at one end, while the lower parts or arms, Z, of these cranks of the frames are pin-jointed to the pitmen h h h respectively. Each of the vibrating frames has at its end "opposite that jointed to the pitman a pair of cranks or upwardly-projecting arms M M. These arms M M of the frame I are connected with the linishing-formersJ and J, so as to reciprocate them as the frame vi brates. A connecting bar or link,.N, having a yoke or forked rear end, at, straddling the mandrel, is pivoted to the arms M M of the frame I, and at its front end the link is fitted loosely on a pin projecting upwardly from the former J, the former also operated from the frame I, being linked to its arms M M by rods 1% m. The front ends of these linkiods m m are jointed to the vibrating frame by the pivots which connect .with the yoke of theliuk N, and the rear ends of these links mm are pivoted to the opposite sides or vertical edges of a block or plate, m, fastened to the under side of the former J.

The crank arms or lugs M M of the vibrating frame I are linked to a block, a, fastened upon top of the former J The link-rods m Hm are jointed at their opposite ends to the arms M and to the block at. To keep the formers J and J 2 in proper position to confine the tube about the mandrel E and admit of the differential or independent reciprocating movement of these formers, two yokes or sliding couplings, L L, are provided. The yoke L is fastened to the former J and the yoke L secured to the formefJ Each of these yokes is made up of a cross-plate, O or O, fastened to the under side of the former J or to the top of the former J and connected by bolts and nuts to the cross-plate 0 or 0 the crosspiece 0 sliding upon the block a of the former J", and the cross-plate O sliding beneath the former J, as will readily be understood from the drawings.

The vibrating frame I actuates the mandrel E. The arms M M of the frame are connected by long links P P with a cross-pin, p, fastened to the mandrel near its front end and just in rear of its bearings 0, between the primary formers F F. Pivots connect the opposite ends of the links with the frame-cranks and the cross-rod of the mandrel.

Each of the cams H H H is double, or has two acting-surfaces, Q Q, and the cams are so formed as simultaneously to advance the mandrel E and all of the finishing-formers J J J the length of a box, blank, or section of tube to be severed, and by this advance movement of the mandrel and formers the finished tube, held between the formers and mandrel, is projecting sutliciently far through and beyond the mandrel-ljiearin g e to have cut from its end overlapping the mandrel end a boxblank on each successive forward movement or feed of the tube. A rapidly-revolvin g saw or sharp-edged disk, R, mounted in a swingframe, B, operated by a cam, B on the main shaft B, serves to sever the blanks from the tube at regular intervals.

The operation is as follows The strips are first adjusted properly to carry on the manufacture of the tube automatically, and the machine is then started, say, with the cams in the position they occupy after having acted upon the pins or rollers r r of the respective oscillating arms S S S to simultaneously advance the mandrel and the formers J J J and project the tube beyond the mandrel. The next operation will be to simultaneously retract the formers J J by the action of the cam H on the central arm, S. The arms S S S it should be observed, are all mounted to swing or vibrate independently on the short shaft T- parallel with the driving-shaft, and mounted in frameuprights t t. The pitmen h h h are adjustably secured in slots 8 in the arms S S S with which they are respectively connected. This adjustment admits of variation in the feed, and consequently in the length of the tube-sections or blanks cut off. At about the time the formers J J are being retracted the cutter B severs a blank from the tube, cutting close to the projected end of the mandrel to shear the tube off smoothly lhe cutter is retracted out of the way by its cam. The next action, as the driving-shaft continues to revolve, is toretract the former J by'the movements of the cam H, arm S, and vibrating frame I. Next the mandrel is retracted by the action of the cam H through the arm S pitman 7L2, frame 1 audits connections with the mandrel. The cams next act together to feed the tube and draw the strips to the mandrel.

Detailed description of the construction of the cams is deemed unnecessary, as by the aid of the drawings and the knowledge of the work they are to do there would be no difficulty in producing them.

By first withdrawing the formers J J, then the former J and finally the mandrel E,-there is always sufficientstationary bearing-surface or frictional contact between an unmoviug surface and the tube to prevent retrograde movement of the tube, while, when moved in the opposite direction for feeding, the simultaneous forward movement of the formers J J J and the mandrel with the tube confined between them positively feeds the tube and strips of paper.

I have described the use of previouslytreated strips to avoid the necessity of employing pasting devices as part of the machine, aud I deem the employment of such coated strip decidedly preferable. It is ob vious, however, that paste might readily be applied to the strips as drawn to the mandrel when prepared material is not at hand.

To soften the glue coating on the strips heat is applied to the tube by a lamp, U, (see Fig. 2,) the flame of which impinges against the former J, and the heat is conducted to the former J by the metallic yoke-coupling L, to warm the tube all around and soften the glue.

The heat-radiating surface may be increased by suitable plates and deflectors in well-known ways, so as to insure perfect work.

The glue is thus softened, and becomes adhesive only at the time its function is to be performed, so as to cause the two papers firmly to adhere to each other when the glue sets or dries.

Instead of a lamp, a steam channel or tube, V, (see Figs. 12 and 13,) may be employed to conduct steam from any suitable source to the tube.

The steam-channel is made in sections to admit of its being adjusted and removed, as will readily be understood from an inspection of the drawings. Both heat and moisture are in this way applied.

1 claim as of my own invention- 1. As an improvement in the art of automatically forming tubes, &c., from strips of paper or equivalent thin material, the hereinbefore-described method, consisting in supplyin gthe strip or strips having the previouslyapplied coating of cementing material sufficiently dry to prevent sticking and clogging, and folding or partially forming while in this condition, and then softening the coating to cause the proper adhesion of the parts, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

2. As an improvement in the art of automatically forming tubes, 850., the hereinbefore-described method, consisting in coating the strip or strips with a cementing substance, drying or partially drying the coating, feeding the strip or strips, folding or tubing, next softening the coating of cement,-and finally pressing the united parts, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

3'. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the intermittently-reciprocating mandrel and the series of intermittently-aetin g reciprocating finishin g-formers advanced with the mandrel to feed the tube and retracted at intervals, for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the primary formers or folders, one above the other, and the mandrel terminating at its front end between said formers, to which mandrel the folded or partially-formed tube passes from the formers to be completed.

5. The combination of the or folders, to which the strips are first presented,'the reciprocating mandrel supported at its front end between said folders, and the series of reciprocating finishing-formers, between which and the mandrel the tube is comp letedand fed step by step, these members being and operating substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

6. The combination of the reciprocating mandrel, its end bearings, the vibrating frame, the link-connections between said frame and the mandrel, and the pitman for actuating said frame, operated by the cam on the driving-shaft, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

7. The combination of the driving-shaft, the cams H H H the vibrating frames I 1 1 ,01)- erated by connections with the cams, the reciprocating mandrel, the finishing formers, and the connections between said formers and man drel with their respective vibrating frames, to cause the mandrel and formers to advance together and retract at intervals, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

MOOLINTOGK YOUNG.

Witnesses G. M. GILPIN, 0. F. FIRESTOM.

primary formers 

